Cartography is a technique that is primary concerned with the reduction
of the spatial characteristic of a large area- a portion or all of the earth or
another celestial body and putting it in a form that makes it observable.
Just the way spoken and written language allows people to communicate
beyond the restriction of having to point to everything, a map also allows
us to extend the normal range of vision, so to speak and makes it possible
for us to see the larger spatial relations that exist over large areas.
The field cartography has changed enormously during the past four
decades, primarily because of the widespread availability of computers.
Computers have made for new symbolization, such as dynamic (that is,
animated) maps, customized maps for individual users and interactive maps.
They have also made possible new methods for scientific visualization and
spatial data analysis.
A graph that uses points and lines to represent change over time is
defined as a line graph. In other words, it is the chart that shows a line
joining multiple points or a line that shows the link between the points.
In order that the facts conveyed by a large number of figures may be
grasped clearly and quickly, we resort to representing them by geometric
figures and curves called diagrams. Thus a diagram is a drawing which
expresses the relationship between quantities. Diagrams are used as aids in
understanding the facts represented by statistical data clearly and quickly at
a glance. The diagrams representing statistical data are known as statistical
diagrams.
Map projection is the method of transferring the graticule of latitude
and longitude on a plane surface. It can also be defined as the transformation
of spherical network of parallels and meridians on a plane surface. As you
know that, the earth on which we live in is not flat. It is geoid in shape like
a sphere. A globe is the best model of the earth. Due to this property of
the globe, the shape and sizes of the continents and oceans are accurately
shown on it. It also shows the directions and distances very accurately.