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We are pleased to present this textbook titled “Database Management Systems (DBMS)-I” for the course CS-202-MJ-T offered in Semester III of S.Y.B.Sc. (Computer Science) under the Savitribai Phule Pune University...

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Database Management System I
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We are pleased to present this textbook titled “Database Management Systems (DBMS)-I” for the course CS-202-MJ-T offered in Semester III of S.Y.B.Sc. (Computer Science) under the Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU) curriculum. This book has been developed in alignment with the NEP CBCS 2025–26 syllabus and aims aims to provide a strong conceptual foundation as well as practical understanding of database systems.

Databases form the backbone of almost every modern software application, and a sound understanding of DBMS concepts is essential for every computer science student. This textbook covers the essential principles, models, and techniques of database systems through a structured and progressive approach. The book emphasizes not only theoretical concepts but also the practical implementation aspects that are crucial for developing realworld applications.

We are thankful to our vibrant publisher Shri Rangrao Patil and all staff of Prasant Publications for their efforts and keen interest in publishing this book in a very limited span of time.

We hope that this textbook will serve as a helpful companion to students and teachers alike in their academic journey, and will encourage learners to think analytically and solve problems effectively using appropriate data structures. We welcome constructive suggestions and feedback from readers to improve future editions of this book.

1. Introduction to DBMS…………………………………………………………………… 7
1.1 Introduction to Data, Database and DBMS.
1.2 File system vs DBMS
1.3 Levels of abstraction and data independence
1.4 Architectures of DBMS
1.5 Users of DBMS
1.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of DBMS
1.7 Applications of DBMS
2. Conceptual Design……………………………………………………………………….. 24
2.1 Overview of DB design process.
2.2 Introduction to data models (E-R model, Relational model, Network model, Hierarchical model)
2.3 Conceptual design using ER data model (entities, attributes, entity sets, relations, relationship sets) and symbols.
2.4 Extended features–Specialization, Aggregation, Generalization (Pictorial representation).
2.5 Constraints (domain constraints, entity integrity constraints referential integrity constraints and key constraints).
2.6 Structure of Relational Databases (concepts of a table)
2.7 Case Studies on ER model
3. SQL…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 39
3.1 Introduction to query languages
3.2 Basic structure
3.3 Commands in SQL
3.3.1 DDL Commands
3.3.2 DML Commands
3.3.3 DCL Commands
3.3.4 TCL Commands
3.4 Forms of a basic SQL query (Expression and strings in SQL)
3.5 SQL Operations
3.5.1 Set operations
3.5.2 Aggregate functions3.5.3 Date, Time functions
3.5.4 Simple queries
3.5.5 Nested queries
3.6 Joins in SQL (Cartesian Product, Inner joins, Outer joins and their types)
3.7 Views
3.8 Examples on SQL (case studies)
4. Relational Database Design …………………………………………………………. 75
4.1 Introduction to Relational-Database Design
4.1.1 Undesirable properties of a RDB design
4.2 Functional Dependency
4.2.1 Basic concepts
4.2.2 Closure of relation (F+)
4.2.3 Closure of an Attribute set
4.2.4 Armstrong’s axioms
4.3 Concept of Decomposition
4.4 Desirable Properties of Decomposition
4.4.1 Lossless and Lossy join Decomposition.
4.4.2 Dependency Preserving Decomposition.
4.5 Concept of Normalization
4.6 Normal Forms 1NF, 2NF ,3NF, BCNF and its Examples.
4.7 Keys Concept : Primary Key, Candidate Keys ,Composite Key, Alternate Key and Super Key.(Find out candidate key and super key with examples)

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