1. Introduction to Analytical Chemistry 
Introduction: Analytical chemistry, its interdisciplinary nature, importance of analytical chemistry, types of analysis: qualitative and quantitative analysis.Concept of sampling, definition, procedure of sampling, types of sampling. Accuracy, precision, significant figures, significance of zero, and rounding off. Errors: Definition, types, and sources of errors, minimization of errors. good laboratory practices: Material safety data sheet (MSDS), fire safety, Handling of chemicals.

2. Volumetric Analysis 
Molecular weight, formula weight, equivalent weight, calculation of equivalent weight of acids, bases, oxidizing and reducing agents, units of concentration – molarity, normality, formality, molality and parts per million (ppm), numerical, standard solution, primary and secondary standards, titrant, analyte, millimoles and milliequivalents, equivalence point, endpoint. Measurement of volume, the effect of temperature on volume, apparatus for precise measurement of volume: pipette, burette, volumetric flask, calibration of pipette, burette, and volumetric flask.

3. Acid-Base Titrations 
Principle, Acid–base indicators, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, transition range of indicators. study of following acid-base titrations with respect to the neutralization curve, selection of indicators, and calculation of PH i) Strong acid versus strong base ii) Weak acid versus strong base iii) Strong acid verses weak base. Applications of acid-base titrations.

4. Precipitation Titrations 
Principle, precipitation titration curve,use of indicators in the detection of endpoint. Preparation of AgNO3 solution its standardisation by Mohr’s method. Applications of precipitation titrations. Estimation of halides by Fajan’s method. Estimation of halides by Volhard’s method.

5. Redox Titrations 
Oxidation, reduction, redox reaction, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, and redox titrations. Titration of Ce (IV) versus Fe (II), nature of titration curve, calculation of emf during titration.
Detection of endpoint- redox indicators, self-indicators and starch indicator. Titrations involving iodine: Iodimetry and Iodometry. Determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) of a water sample.Applications of redox titrations.

6. Complexometric Titrations 
Introduction, Complexes, ligands, types of ligands, chelates, chelating agents. Formation of complex, formation constant.Chelating agent EDTA, EDTA equilibria, EDTA titration curve. Detection of end point- use of indicators, principle involved in colour change of indicator, characteristics of metal ion indicators. Applications of complexometric titration with reference to analysis of soil: Estimation of calcium and magnesium ions by complexometric titrations.

7. Gravimetric Analysis 
Introduction, advantages of gravimetric analysis Solubility product (with problems), conditions for precipitation.Steps of gravimetric analysis: Preparation of solution, precipitation, digestion. Impurities in the precipitate: co-precipitation and post-precipitation. Filtration, washing, drying or ignition, weighing. Applications – estimation of Ba as BaSO4, Ni as Ni-DMG, Pb as PbCrO4.

8. Chromatography 
Definition, Introduction, advantages and disadvantages of chromatography. Principle of chromatography, classification of chromatography – partition, adsorption and ion exchange chromatography. Paper chromatography: principle, technique, Rf value, ascending and descending techniques, paper chromatographic separation of metal ions, applications. Thin layer chromatography (TLC): principle, technique and applications.Ion exchange (Column) chromatography- cation and anion exchange resins, principle, technique and applications.

9. Gas Chromatography 
Introduction, Principles, Gas chromatography Columns, Gas Chromatography Detectors, Column Efficiency in Chromatography- Theoretical Plates, Van Deemter Equation, Capacity Factor and Resolution, Problems.

10. Ion Exchange Chromatography 
Introduction, Cation Exchange Resins, Anion Exchange Resins, Cross-linkage, Effect of pH Separation of Amino Acids, Effect of Complexing Agents-Separation of Metal ions on Anion Exchange Columns, Applications of Ion Exchange Chromatography.

11. Size Exclusion Chromatography 
Introduction, Principles, Exclusion Limit, Types of Gels, Applications.

12. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 
Introduction, Principles, Equipment for HPLC, Choice of Column Materials for HPLC, Applications.

13. Solvent Extraction 
The Distribution Co-efficient, The Distribution Ratio, Percent Extracted, Solvent Extraction of Metals – Ion Association Complex and Metal Chelates, The Extraction Process, The Separation Efficiency of Metal Chelates, Analytical Separations, Multiple Batch Extractions, Countercurrent Distribution, Simple numerical problems on Percent Extracted and Multiple Extraction, Problems.

14. Spectrometry 
Origin of spectra, Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter, Electro-magnetic Spectrum, The Absorption of Radiation, Solvents for Spectrometry, Quantitative Calculations, Beer’s Law, Principles of instruments – Sources, Monochromators (prism, diffraction gratings, Optical filters), Cells, detectors, Slits Width, Single Beam Spectrometer, Spectrometric Errors, Deviation from Beer’s Law – Chemical deviation, Instrumental deviation, Problems.

15. Infrared Spectrometry 
Infra-red Spectrometry – Principles, Theory, Instrumentation, Source, monochromator, detectors, Single beam, Double beam, Types, Sampling Technique, Solvents, Spectrometric error, FTIR introduction, General applications.

16. Emission Spectrometry 
Flame Emission Spectroscopy – Principles, Theory, Instrumentation, Experimental techniques, Interferences and applications, Advantages and disadvantages, Plasma Emission Spectrometry – Principles, Plasma as excitation source, inductively coupled Plasma source, ICP-AES Instrumentation, Applications.

17. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 
Principles, Instrumentation – Sources, Burners, Flames, Interferences – Spectral Interferences, Ionization Interferences, Refractory Compound Formation, Physical Interferences, Use of Organic Solvents, Sample Preparation, Applications of AAS.

18. Potentiometry 
Potentiometer, The Cell for Potential Measurements, Combination Electrode, Theory of Glass Membrane Potential, The Alkaline Error, The Acid Error, Standard Buffers, Ion-selective Electrodes – Glass Membrane Electrodes, Precipitate Electrodes, Solid-State Electrodes, Liquid-Liquid Electrodes, Plastic Membrane/Ionophore Electrodes, Coated Wire electrodes, Enzyme Electrodes.

19. PH-metry 
Introduction to pH meter, The Glass pH Electrode Principle, Accuracy of pH Measurements, Measurements with the pH-meter, Making the pH Measurement, Fundamental limitations, Maintenance.

20. Electrophoresis 
Introduction, Principles of Electrophoresis, Properties of Charged Molecule, Theory of Electric Double layer, Classification of Electrophoresis Methods, Techniques of electrophoresis, Applications in Inorganic chemistry.

21. Nephelometry and Turbidimetry 
Introduction, Turbidimetry and Colorimetry, Nephelometry and Fluorimetry, Choice between Nephelometry and Turbidimetry, Theory, Instrumentation, Comparison of spectrometry, Turbidimetry and Nephelometry, Applications of Turbidimetry and Nephelometry.

22. Thermal Methods 
General Discussion, Thermogravimetry, Instruments for thermobalance.Important conditions for instruments in Thermogravimetry Applications of thermogravimetry Differential Techniques. Factors Affecting Thermogravimetric Curves Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Instruments for DTA and DSC, Experimental and Instrumental Factors, Applications of DTA and DSC.