The Study of English Language
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Rs.395.00
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The Study of English Language is keenly associated with the studies in Humanities. So, it is most commonly prescribed for both Undergraduate and Post Graduate students at special and general levels. The branch of knowledge that studies language scientifically is called as linguistics. It is an ever expanding field having both basic and applied dimensions and it is playing an important role with the help of disciplines like law, engineering, medical sciences and so on. It means advanced studies in linguistics have undertaken the study of linguistic terminology used in these fields. With this it is proved to be helpful in building up of syllabi for various levels of studies from primary to higher education. Besides this, the area of language studies is helpful for the students to prepare for various short term courses, competitive examination, and first year of various degree courses and development of general awareness of use of language. Research and application of theories in linguistics are proved to helpful in the fields of forensic investigation, computer science and discourse analysis. It all shows that in order to enrich knowledge and its application our society needs expertise from linguistic science. Though the above discussed are the directions for the further scope of advanced learning in linguistic science the basic aspects of language are mostly ignored by learners, particularly at the primary level, perhaps, because of lack of interest, unavailability of material or lack of time. Generally we find that sub-topics under the area or the necessary material required for preparations is scattered across various authentic sources. Taking into consideration this fact and the need of teachers and students regarding collective availability of material, the present work tries to bring together and focus on various aspects of English language studies.
- Language Orientation : 1. Language, Definition and Nature, 2. Properties of Language, 3. Levels of Language Analysis, 4. Phonology, 5. Morphology, 6. Syntax, 7. Semantics, 8. Medium of Language (Spoken and Written language), 9. Functions of Language, 10. Communication, 11. Emotive, 12. Directive, 13. Phatic, 14. Advanced, 15. Macro and Micro functions of Language
- Language and Society : 1. Definition and Nature of Socio-Linguistics, 2. Linguistic Variation Factors : Geographical – Regional -Social Class -Age -Time – Sex- Profession – Class – Mother Tongue Interference, 2. Language and Social Identity, 3. The Sapir – Whorf Hypothesis, 4. Language Varieties : Dialects – Regional Dialects – Social Dialects – Idiolects – Register and Diaglosia, 4. Speech Communities and Language Contact : Pidgin – Creole – Code Switch – Code Mixing
- Phonology of English : 1. Phonology of English, 2. The Speech Mechanism, 3. The English Sounds, 4. The Phoneme, the Syllable, the Supra-segmental Features, 5. The English Vowels, 6. The English Consonants, 7. The Phoneme sequence – consonant clusters, 8. Word stress, 9. Stress shift according to function, 10. Stress and rhythm in connected speech, 11. The intelligibility of Indian English, Appendix –I Poetry and Lyrics, 12. Appendix-II Drama and Theatre
- Introduction to Morphology of English : 1. Morphemes, 2. Free morphemes and bound morphemes, 3. Suffixes—prefixes and infixes, 4. Inflectional and Derivational Affixes, 5. Morphemes and Allomorphs, 6. Some morphological Changes in English, 7. Loss of phoneme, 8. Addition of phoneme, 9. Assimilation, 10. Word stress and Suffixes, 11. Words with Strong Suffixes, 12. Word Formation Processes, 13. Etymology, 14. Coinage, 15. Borrowing, 16. Compounding, 17. Analysis of Some Compound Words, 18. Blending, 19. Clipping, 20. Backformation, 21. Conversion, 22. Acronyms
Introduction to Modern English Grammar
- Word Classes : I. Open Classes (Lexical Words), Noun – Adjective –Verb –Adverb, II. Close Set Words : Prepositions – Determiners – pronouns – Ordinals – Quantifiers – Demonstratives – Conjunctions – Prepositions – Auxiliaries – Uses of Prepositions.
- Phrases : 1. Subject Phrase and Predicate Phrase, 2. Noun Phrase, 3. Functions of Noun Phrase – Constituents of a Noun Phrase – Prepositional Phrase -Finite and Non-finite Clauses
Verb Phrase, 4. Finite and Non-finite Verb Phrases – Combination of Verbs – Tense and Aspect – Contrast in the Verb Phrase – Verb Phrase Analysis – Modifiers of the Verb – Nonfinite Participle (-ing) and (-ed) participle - Simple Sentence Organization : 1. Functional elements in the predicate part, 2. Verb Phrase elements: Tense – Aspect – Modality, 3. Concord, 4. Word Order
- Basic Sentences Types : 1. Declarative–Interrogative–Imperative–Exclamatory– Subjunctive, 2. Interrogative Sentences: Types and functions: Reported questions, Tag questions, 3. Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences, Reported Imperative: Types, 4. Negative Sentences: Types, 5. Adverbs, 6. Grammatical Aspects of Adverbs, 7. Active and Passive Sentences, 8. The Form of the Passive, 9. Situations in which Passive Voice is used, 10. The Passive of Imperative Sentences, 11. Verbs which do not Allow Passive Form
- Complex Sentences : Noun Clauses and Relative Clauses : 1. Subordination and Coordination, 2. Types of Subordinate Clauses and Functions, 3. Finite and Nonfinite Clauses, 4. Verbless Clauses, 5. Noun Clauses: Finite and Nonfinite, 6. Functions of Noun Clauses, 7. Functions of Nonfinite Clauses, 8. Relative Clauses: Restrictive Relative Clauses – Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses – Reduced Relative Clauses – Sentential Relative Clauses
- Complex Sentences : Adverbial Clauses (Adjuncts) : 1. Types of Adverbial Clauses : Time – Place – Condition – Reason – Purpose – Result – Contrast and Concession – Manner – Comparison
- Compound Sentences : 1. Coordinating Conjunctions, 2. Relation between Coordinate Clauses : Additive Relation: Relation of Contrast – Choice – Inference or Conclusion – Consequence, 3. Ellipsis in coordination: Subject Ellipsis – Ellipsis of Verb Phrases – Ellipsis of Object – Ellipsis of Subject Complement and the Verb – Ellipsis of Head Noun, 4. Linking Adverbs and Prepositional Phrases, 5. Linking Clauses through Ellipses
- Coherence and Cohesion : 1. Grammatical Devices, 2. Logical Devices, 3. Lexical Devices
- Common Errors in English : 1. Article Use, 2. Use of Prepositions, 3. Agreement, 4. Tenses
- Syntax: Meaning and Nature : 1. Parts of Simple Sentence, 2. Deep Structure and Surface Structure, 3. Transformational Rues Changing Deep Structure and Surface Structure, 4. Immediate Constituents Analysis
- Appendix – I, 1. Irregular Verbs, 2. Proverbs, 3. Punctuation Marks
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