Linear Integrated Circuits
S.Y.B.Sc. SEM IV EL-221
Authors:
ISBN:
Rs.110.00
- DESCRIPTION
- INDEX
Linear Integrated Circuits form the backbone of modern analog and
mixed-signal electronic systems and are widely used in communication,
instrumentation, control, and consumer electronics. A clear understanding of
linear ICs is essential for students of electronics to analyze and design practical
electronic circuits. This textbook, “EL-221: Linear Integrated Circuit,” has
been prepared to introduce students to the fundamentals of linear integrated
circuits in a simple and systematic manner.
The book primarily focuses on operational amplifiers and their
characteristics. The contents include an introduction to integrated circuits,
classification of ICs, operational amplifier basics, ideal and practical
characteristics, applications of operational amplifiers, active filters, waveform
generators, and comparators. The concepts are explained with the help of
circuit diagrams, mathematical expressions, and practical examples to help
students understand both theoretical concepts and circuit-level applications.
This textbook aims to develop analytical ability, circuit analysis skills,
and practical understanding among undergraduate students. It will be useful
for students, teachers, and beginners who wish to gain a strong foundation in
linear integrated circuits and their applications.
The author expresses sincere gratitude and heartfelt thanks to
Mr. Rangrao Patil, Prashant Publication, Jalgaon, for his valuable guidance,
encouragement, and support in bringing this textbook to publication.
Constructive suggestions from readers for further improvement of the
book will be gratefully acknowledged.
Chapter 1…………………………………………………………………………………… 7
Basic of Operational Amplifier and its parameters
1.1 Concept of Differential Amplifier
1.1.1 Differential amplifier configurations
1.2 Block diagram of an operational amplifier (Op-amp)
1.2.1 Schematic symbol
1.2.2 Pin out diagram
1.3 Parameters
1.3.1 Input impedance (Zin)
1.3.2 Output impedance (ZO)
1.3.3 Open loop voltage gain (AOL)
1.3.4 Input offset voltage (Vio)
1.3.5 Input bias current (IB)
1.3.6 Slew rate
1.4 Ideal characteristics of an op-amp
1.5 Practical characteristics of op-amp
1.6 Concept of offset Null arrangements
Chapter 2…………………………………………………………………………………. 18
Operational Amplifier Circuits
2.1 Open loop Op-Amp Configuration
2.2 Close loop OPAMP Configuration
2.3 Difference between open loop and close loop configuration of Opamp
2.4 Concept of virtual ground
2.5 Inverting amplifier
2.6 Non-inverting amplifier
2.7 Voltage follower
2.8 Adder
2.9 Subtractor
2.10 Integrator
2.11 Differentiator
2.12 Instrumentation amplifier
2.13 Voltage to Current (V to I) converter
2.13.1 Voltage to Current convertor with floating load
2.13.2 Voltage to Current converter with grounded load
2.14 Logarithmic (log) amplifier using diode
Chapter 3…………………………………………………………………………………. 41
Applications of Operational Amplifier
3.1 Active Filters
3.1.1 Classification of filters
3.1.2 Types of filters
3.1.3 Advantages and disadvantages of active filter over passive filters
3.1.4 Difference between active and passive filters
3.2 First order low-pass filter
3.3 First order high-pass Butterworth filter
3.4 Comparator
3.5 Schmitt trigger
3.6 Comparison between comparator and Schmitt trigger
3.7 Sample and hold circuit
3.8 Basic peak detector
Chapter 4…………………………………………………………………………………. 61
Timer and its applications
4.1 Pin diagram of IC-555
4.1.2 Features of IC-555
4.1.3 Functional block diagram of timer IC-555
4.2 Concept of a multivibrator
4.3 Astable multivibrator using IC-555
4.4 Applications of Astable Multivibrator
4.5 Monostable multivibrator using IC-555
4.6 Applications of monostable multivibrator
4.7 Bistable multivibrator using IC-555
4.8 Voltage controlled Oscillator (VCO)
Author
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