1. Structure, Acidity and Basicity......................................7
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Simple Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids
1.3 Substituted Aliphatic Acids
1.4 Phenols
1.5 Aromatic Carboxylic Acids
1.6 Introduction to Bases
1.7 Aliphatic Bases
1.8 Aromatic Bases
1.9 Introduction to types of organic reactions
1.10 Concept of Reaction Mechanisms
1.11 Energetics of Reactions
2. Reactivity and Reactions of Halogenated Hydrocarbons.................20
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Classification
2.3 Nature of C-X Bond
2.4 Methods of Preparation of Haloalkanes
2.5 Preparation of Haloarenes
2.6 Chemical Reaction
3. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents...........................44
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Oxidizing Agent (Oxidant)
3.2.1 Jones oxidation
3.2.2 Potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
3.2.3 m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA)
3.2.4 Osmium tetroxide (OsO4)
3.2.5 Criegee Oxidation
3.2.6 Ozone (O3)
3.2.7 Selenium dioxide (SeO2)
3.3 Reducing Agent (Reductant)
3.3.1 Catalytic hydrogenation
3.3.2 Lithium aluminium hydride (LAH)
3.3.3 Sodium borohydride (NaBH4)
3.3.4 Di-isobutyl aluminium hydride (DIBAL-H)
3.3.5 Reduction of alkynes
3.3.6 Clemmensen reduction
3.3.7 Wolff-Kishner reduction
4. Stereochemistry of Mono and Di-substituted Cyclohexane.............90
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Stability of chair conformation
4.3 Ring flipping
4.4 Mono and Di-substituted cyclohexane
4.5 1, 3-diaxial and butane-gauche interaction
4.6 Cis and Trans Stereochemistry
4.7 Optical activity
4.8 Energy profile diagrams and stability
