1. Environment and Current Issues ……………………………………………………..9
1.1 Ecosystem :
1.1.1 Introduction
1.1.2 Structure and function of ecosystem
1.1.3 Biotic Components
1.1.4 Abiotic Components
1.1.5 Function of an ecosystem
1.1.6 Energy flow in an ecosystem  Energy flow in an ecosystem
1.1.7 Food Chains
1.1.8 Food Web
1.1.9 Ecological Succession
1.1.10 Case Studies
1.2 Current Environmental Issues :
1.2.1 Environmental pollution
1.2.2 Climate Change
1.2.3 Global Warming
1.2.4 Ozone Layer Depletion
1.2.5 Acid rain
1.2.6 Interdisciplinary nature of environmental studies
1.2.7 Concept of sustainable development.
2. Natural Resources and Biodiversity Conservation ………………………….37
2.1. Land resources and land use change :
2.1.1 Introduction
2.1.2 Land Resources and Land use Change
2.1.3 Land degradation
2.1.4 Soil erosion
2.1.5 Desertification
2.1.6 Causes and impacts due to development projects on environment
2.1.7 Biodiversity and Tribal Populations
2.1.8 Relationship between Biodiversity and Tribal Populations
2.1.9 Threats to Biodiversity and Tribal Populations                                                                                                                                2.1.10 Role of Tribal Populations in Biodiversity Conservation
2.2 Water :
2.2.1 Use and over-exploitation of surface and ground water
2.2.2 Floods
2.2.3 Droughts
2.2.4 Conflicts over water
2.3 Energy resources :
2.3.1 Renewable Energy Sources
2.3.2 Non-Renewable Energy Sources
2.3.3 Use of Alternate Energy Sources
2.3.4 Growing Energy Needs
2.4 Biodiversity:
2.4.1 India as a Mega-Biodiversity Nation
2.4.2 Endangered and endemic species of India
2.4.3 Threats to Biodiversity
2.4.4 Ecosystem and Biodiversity Services
2.4.5 Ecological Services
2.4.6 Economic Service
2.4.7 Social Service
2.4.8 Ethical Service
2.4.9 Aesthetic Service
2.4.10 Informational Value
2.5 Conservation of Biodiversity
2.5 Ecosystem and biodiversity services:
 In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.                                                                                                                                      3. Environmental Pollution and Policies……………………………………………..83
3.1. Environmental Pollution :
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.2 Types of pollution
3.1.3 Air pollution : (Causes, Effects and Control measures)
3.1.4 Major causes of Air pollution
3.1.5 Effects of Air Pollution
3.1.6 Control measures of Air pollution
3.1.7 Water Pollution
3.1.8 Causes of water pollution
3.1.9 Effects of Water Pollution
3.1.10 Control measures of Water Pollution
3.1.11 Soil Pollution
3.1.12 Major causes of soil pollution3.1.13 Effects of Soil Pollution
3.1.14 Control measures of soil pollution
3.1.15 Noise Pollution
3.1.16 Causes of Noise Pollution
3.1.17 Effects of Noise Pollution
3.1.18 Control measures of noise pollution
3.1.19 Nuclear Hazards and Human Health Risks
3.1.20 Nuclear Hazards
3.1.21 Sources of Nuclear Pollution / Hazards/ Radioactive Pollution
3.1.22 Human Health Risks
3.1.23 Control of nuclear hazards
3.2 Solid Waste Management :
3.2.1 Solid Waste
3.2.2 Types of solid waste
3.2.3 Solid Waste Management/Control Measures
3.3 Environment Legislations :
3.3.1 Environment Protection Act
3.3.2 Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act
3.3.3 Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act
3.3.4 Wildlife Protection Act
3.3.5 Forest Conservation Act
3.4 International Agreements :
3.4.1 Montreal Protocol
3.4.2 Kyoto Protocol
3.4.3 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)                                                                                                                                          4.3 Environmental Movements :
4.3.1 The Chipko Movement
4.3.2 Salient Velley Movement
4.3.3 Bishnoi Movement in Rajasthan
4.4 Environmental Ethics :
4.4.1 Role of Indian and other religions and cultures in environmental
conservation
4.4.2 Environmental communication and public awareness, case studies
(e.g. CNG vehicles in Delhi) :                                                                                                                                                                            4. Human Communities and Environment………………………………………..150
4.1 Human Population Growth :
4.1.1 Introduction
4.1.2 Impacts on Environment
4.1.3 Impacts on Human Health
4.1.4 Impacts on Human Welfare
4.1.5 Resettlement and rehabilitation of project affected persons
4.1.6 Case Studies
4.2 Disaster management: floods, earthquakes, cyclones and landslides :
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2 Earthquake
4.2.3 Cyclones
4.2.4 Floods
4.2.5 Landslides