1. Photochemistry ……………………………………………………………………………. 07
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Difference between Thermal and Photochemical Processes
1.3 Laws of Photochemistry
1.3.1 Grotthus-Draper Law (First Law of Photochemistry)
1.3.2 Stark-Einstein Law (Second Law of Photochemistry)
1.4 Quantum Yield
1.4.1 Reasons for High and Low Quantum Yield
1.4.2 Factors affecting Quantum Yield
1.4.3 Experimental Method for the Determination of Quantum Yield
1.5 Fluorescence
1.6 Phosphorescence
1.7 Chemiluminescence
2. Chemical Kinetics ……………………………………………………………………….. 26
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), order and Molecularity
of a reaction
2.3 Rate law
2.4 Specific rate constant, First order and Pseudo molecular reaction
(Without derivation).
2.5 Order and Molecularity
2.6 Factors influencing the rate of reaction
2.7 Pseudo – Order reactions
2.8.1 First Order Reactions
2.8.2 Characteristics of first order reaction
2.9 Second order reaction
2.9.1 Mathematical equation
2.9.2 Characteristics of Second Order Reaction
2.10 Numerical based on rate of reaction, half-life period and rate constant of
First order reaction only.

3. Periodicity …………………………………………………………………………………… 43
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The long form of periodic table. s, p, d, f block elements
3.3 Properties of the Element
3.3.1 Effective nuclear charge
3.3.2 Atomic radii (van der Waals)
3.3.3 Ionic radii.
3.3.4 Ionization enthalpy
3.3.5 Electron gain enthalpy; trends of electron gain enthalpy
3.3.6 Electronegativity
3.3.7 Oxidation states of elements
4. Stereochemistry …………………………………………………………………………… 70
4.1 Concept and Types of isomerism
4.2 Structural isomerism
4.3 Projection Formulae
4.4 Stereoisomerism
4.5 Optical activity and chirality
4.6 Elements of symmetry
4.7 Optical isomerism
4.8 Nomenclature of optical isomerism
4.9 Geometric isomerism.
5. Chemical Bonding ……………………………………………………………………….. 97
5.1 Introduction to Atomic Orbitals
5.2 Multiple Bonding: σ, π, and δ Bond Approach
5.3 Valence Bond Theory (VBT)
5.4 Concept of Hybridization
5.5 Bent Rule
5.6 Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR)
5.7 Shapes of Simple Molecules and Ions