MB-401-402 | Genetics and Immunology | Basic Industrial Microbiology
S.Y.B.Sc. | Sem IV | Microbiology
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S.Y.B.Sc. | Sem IV | GG-401
MICROBIOLOGY
MB-401 : Genetics and Immunology
MB-402 : Basic Industrial Microbiology
Microbiology involves the study of the fascinating world of unicellular microscopic organisms which includes both eukaryotic organisms such as fungi and protists, as well as prokaryotic organisms viz. bacteria, viruses, etc. While microorganisms are often viewed negatively due to their involvement in many diseases, they are also responsible for many beneficial processes such as industrial fermentation, antibiotic production and as the vehicles for cloning in higher organisms. They are also exploited to produce many commercially viable enzymes, proteins, vitamins, growth factors, etc. They benefit our environment in many ways such as their role in biodegradation or bioremediation of domestic, agricultural and industrial wastes.
Microbiology is a broad and multifaceted discipline that encompasses many specialized areas. The knowledge of microbiology has expanded a lot in recent years and this subject has been included in the syllabi of many universities at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
It gives a sense of satisfaction to the authors to bring out this textbook for Second Year B.Sc Choice Based Credit System syllabus as prescribed by Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon as per the guidelines U.G.C. This book has two theory papers MB 401 тАУ Genetics and Immunology & MB 402 тАУ Basic Industrial Microbiology. Authors have made a sincere attempt to provide the students with a basic guideline for study and also gain knowledge of the subject. The book is merely an outcome of the compilation of microbiology literature and research done by various scientists in different areas of microbiology. The primary interest of the authors is to present the subject matter with simplicity and clarity, good examples added with good figures.
MB – 401 : Genetics and Immunology
Unit 1 : Genes and chromosomes
тАв Concept of gene, genome, allele, genotype, phenotype, recon, muton, cistron, intron, exon, haploid, diploid, lethal gene, partially diploid, omologous, heterologous etc.
тАв Typical structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosome
тАв Structural organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosome
тАв Concept of Chromosome variation (Euploidy, Aneuploidy and Polyploidy and Mitotic Non-disjunction), giant chromosome.
тАв Plasmid: Concept, types, structure and properties, incompatibility
тАв Genetic code and its properties
Unit 2 : Mutations
тАв Concept and significance of mutations
тАв Types of mutation: Base pair substitutions, frame shift, deletion, inversion, insertions, Tandem duplications, missense, nonsense, neutral, silent, pleiotropic and suppressor mutations Useful phenotypes: Auxotrophic, Conditional, Lethal, Resistant
тАв Spontaneous and induced types of mutation
тАв Mechanism of Spontaneous mutations
тАв Mechanism of induced mutations: Physical (UV, Gamma, and Xrays), Chemical (Base analogues, deaminating agents, alkylating agent, intercalating agent)
тАв Methods to study mutations: Fluctuation test, Replica plate technique, AmeтАЩs test
тАв DNA repair and types of repair systems
Unit 3 : Infection and Immunity
тАв Immunity: concept, types (Innate, Acquired) and components of immune system and properties of immune system
тАв Immune Cells (stem cell, T cell, B cell, NK cell, Macrophages, Dendric cell) and organs (Bone marrow, thymus, lymph node, spleen, GALT, CALT) involved in immune response
тАв Non-specific immune response
тАв Specific immune response: Primary and secondary
тАв Type of immune response: Humoral and cell mediated, T and B cells characteristics
тАв Antigen: Concept of hapten, adjuvants, immunogen, epitope and paratope, T- dependent and T-independent antigens
тАв Types and properties of antigen
тАв Blood group: ABO antigen, Bombay blood group antigen, Dantigen and its variants, blood transfusion and rh incompatibilities
тАв Antibody: Types, structure and properties of each antibody, antigenic determinants on antibodies (isotypic, allotypic, ideotypic)
тАв Concept of Antibody diversity
тАв Vaccine, immune sera and toxoid
MB – 402: Basic Industrial Microbiology
Unit 1 : Basics of fermentation technology
тАв Characteristics of industrial strains
┬╗ Screening of industrially important microorganisms
┬╗ Primary and Secondary Screening with examples
┬╗ Screening for Amino acid / vitamin producers
┬╗ Screening for Antibiotic Producers
┬╗ Strain improvements
┬╗ Culture collection centers: National (NCIM, MCC) International (ATCC) and their role
┬╗ Preservation of microbial culture: Soil culture, Oil overlay, Liquid nitrogen Freezing, drying, Lyophilization
┬╗ Working and stock culture
тАв Inoculum
┬╗ Inoculum source and Characteristics
┬╗ Acclimatization
┬╗ Inoculum development and Characteristics features
тАв Fermentation media
┬╗ Raw materials used in media production, Screening and Selection of raw materials, typical composition and criteria for selection
┬╗ Synthetic media, Complex media and Natural media
┬╗ Sterilization: Batch Sterilization, Continuous Sterilization
Unit 2 : Fermentation
тАв Criteria for fermenter design and construction
тАв Fermenter types and parts (Impeller, baffles, sparger, stuffing box)
тАв Measurement and control of fermentation parameters: pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, foaming and aeration
тАв Fermentation process:Submerged (Batch, Fed batch, Dual/ Multiple) Solid state fermentation, concept, characteristics and applications
тАв Continuous Cell growth: Chemostat and Turbidostatic
тАв Synchronous cell growth: Physical and Chemical methods
┬╗ Applications of synchronous culture
Unit 3 : Downstream processing
тАв Product isolation methods
┬╗ Cell removal
┬╗ Cell disruption: Chemical methods, Ultra sonication and Enzymatic methods
тАв Recovery of fermentation products
тАв Filtration: Theory, Filter bids,
(Examples: Pressure leaf filters, Rotatory vacuum filters)
тАв Centrifugation: Theory, Types: Basket centrifuge, Tubular bowl, Multi-chamber centrifuge
тАв Solvent recovery: Two phase aqueous extraction, superficial fluid extraction, countercurrent extraction
тАв Chromatography: Ion exchange, Adsorption, Affinity chromatography, GC and HPLC
тАв Membrane process: Ultrafiltration, Reverse Osmosis, Drying, Crystallography
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