1. Introduction to Plant Morphology………………………………………………….. 7
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Definition of plant morphology.
1.3 Types of morphology – Descriptive and Interpretative.
1.4 Importance of Morphology.
1.5 Exercise.
2. Root Morphology………………………………………………………………………… 16
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Root Definition and types.
2.3 Parts or regions of root.
2.4 Modifications of roots
2.5 Functions of roots.
2.6 Exercise.
3. Stem Morphology………………………………………………………………………… 26
3.1 Introduction and Definition.
3.2 Parts of stem
3.3 Buds and its Type.
3.4 Types of stem.
3.5 Modifications of stem.
3.6 Functions of stem.
3.7 Exercise.
4. Leaf Morphology…………………………………………………………………………. 42
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Parts of Typical Leaf.
4.3 Leaf Venation.
4.4 Types of Leaves.
4.5 Leaf Phyllotaxy.
4.6 Modifications of Leaf.
4.7 Functions of Leaf.
4.8 Exercise.
5. Morphology of Inflorescence………………………………………………………… 58
5.1 Introduction and Definition.
5.2 Parts of Inflorescence.
5.3 Types of Inflorescence.
5.4 Racemose Inflorescence.5.5 Cymose Inflorescence.
5.6 Special Inflorescence.
5.7 Significance of Inflorescence.
5.8 Exercise.
6. Morphology of Flower………………………………………………………………….. 74
6.1 Introduction and Definition.
6.2 Part or Structure of a Flower
6.3 Types of Flower
6.4 Exercise.
7. Floral Whorls……………………………………………………………………………… 80
I) Accessory whorls:
7.1 Introduction and definition
7.2 Calyx (Accessory whorl).
7.3 Corolla (Accessory whorl).
7.4 Aestivation
7.5 Exercise.
8. Floral Whorls……………………………………………………………………………… 89
II) Necessary/Essential whorls:
8.1 Introduction and Definition
8.2 Androecium (Necessory whorl).
8.3 Gynoecium (Necessory whorl).
8.4 Placentation
8.5 Exercise.
9. Morphology of Fruit and Seed…………………………………………………… 100
9.1 Introduction – Morphology of Fruit
9.2 Fruit Definition
9.3 Parts of Fruit
9.4 Types of Fruit
9.5 Introduction – Morphology of Seed
9.6 Seed – Definition
9.7 Parts of Typical Seed – Dicot and Monocot
9.8 Exercise