1. Foundations of Audit and Professional Ethics..................7
1.1 Evolution, Development and Principles of Auditing
1.2 Meaning, Origin, Nature, Objectives, Advantages and Limitation of Audit
1.3 Types of Audit: Internal Audit, Statutory Audit, Cost Audit, Management Audit, Tax Audit under Income Tax Act and GST Act
1.4 Auditor: Eligibility, qualifications, disqualifications, remuneration, powers, rights, duties, liabilities of auditors
1.5 Professional Ethics: 1.5.1 Meaning and Importance 1.5.2 Ethical Principles for Accounting Professionals 1.5.3 Integrity, Objectivity, Professional Competence and Confidentiality 1.5.4 Code of Ethics prescribed by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
1.6 Practical Component for Classrooms Discussion: 1.6.1 Analysis of ethical dilemmas faced by auditors 1.6.2 Case study on auditor independence.

2. Audit Process, Documentation and Risk Assessment....60
2.1 Audit Planning and Audit Programme
2.2 Audit Evidence and Documentation
2.3 Working Papers and Audit Files
2.4 Internal Control and Internal Check Systems
2.5 Audit Risk: Inherent Risk, Control Risk, Detection Risk
2.6 Materiality in Auditing
2.7 Vouching and Verification of Assets and Liabilities
2.8 Auditor’s Opinion and Types of Auditor’s Opinion: Unmodified (Clean) Opinion, Qualified Opinion, Adverse Opinion, and Disclaimer of Opinion
2.9 Practical Component for Classrooms Discussion: 2.9.1 Preparation of an audit programme 2.9.2 Designing internal control checklists for a small business.

3. Digital Auditing, Forensic Audit & Emerging Trends......137
3.1 Computer Assisted Audit Techniques (CAATs)
3.2 Audit in ERP Environment
3.3 Digital Transactions and E-Commerce Audit
3.4 Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics in Auditing
3.5 Forensic Auditing: Meaning and Scope, Fraud Detection Techniques
3.6 Cyber Security and Auditor’s Responsibilities
3.7 Practical Component and Contemporary Cases for Classrooms Discussion:

4. Corporate Governance, Business Ethics
and Sustainability...........................................192
4.1 Meaning and Importance of Corporate Governance
4.2 Stakeholders and Ethical Responsibilities
4.3 Whistle Blowing and Vigil Mechanism
4.4 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
4.5 Ethical Issues in: Marketing, Finance, Human Resource Management, Digital Business
4.6 Sustainability and Ethical Business Practices
4.7 Ethical Leadership and Responsible Decision Making
4.8 Practical Component and Contemporary Cases for Classrooms Discussion:
4.9.1 Evaluation of CSR reports of Indian companies
4.9.2 Group discussion on ethical business challenges

5. Emerging Trends in Auditing, Sustainability
and Ethics...........................................................218
5.1 Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Reporting
5.2 Sustainability Audit
5.3 Green Audit: Meaning, Objectives, Scope, Process, Benefits of Green Audit
5.4 Green Audit in Educational Institutions and Business
5.5 Energy Audit (Basic Concepts)
5.6 Environmental Compliance Audit
5.7 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Sustainability
5.8 Ethical Issues in Sustainable Business Practices

References.................................................................261