Economics of Chordate Zoology for Undergraduates : Vol-V

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Biology (Zoology) is the branch of life science that seeks to understand the all life processes going on living cell or tissues governing in the organism. This reference book aims...

Name : Economics of Chordate Zoology for Undergraduates : Vol-V
Vendor : Prashant Publication
Type : Reference
Manufacturing : May 2026
Total Pages : 196 Pages
Barcode : 9789377761721

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Authors:

Dr. S. S. Patole

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Biology (Zoology) is the branch of life science that seeks to understand the all life processes going on living cell or tissues governing in the organism. This reference book aims to serve as a comprehensive guide for students, educators, and professionals who seek to deepen their understanding of dynamic field of vertebrate zoology. We are very glad to present this book “University Zoology for Undergraduates”. Author feels immense pleasure and great satisfaction in releasing this reference book entitled, “Vol-V: Economics of Chordate Zoology for Undergraduates”.
In the course of revision of the book, the modern concept regarding economical importance of Chordates has been used and the subject matter has been updated with the latest information. There are 9 chapters in this book according to subphylum and classes of chordate phyla. This book is written by keeping in mind the curriculum prescribed by UGC. Because of in last few years (2020), most of universities had accepted Government of India policy, (the National Educational Policy, NEP). On other hand, as per directives of University Grant Commission, universities introduced a wide spectrum of questions such as long answer questions, short answer questions, very short answer questions, objective type’s questions or multiple choice questions have also been added at the end of each chapter. In the present book, labeling of almost all the illustrations have been changed for better clarity of diagrams as well as plates of few life histories have been done. It is hope that the learned teachers and student shall find the setting of the book much more attractive and useful.

Unit-1: General Topics on Subphylum - Urochordata........................1
1.1. General characters of Urochordata
1.2. Phylogeny and affinities of Urochordata with other phyla: phylogeny or Urochordata, affinities of Urochordata with non-chordates, affinities with chordates, affinities with Cephalochordata, affinities with vertebrata. Conclusion.
1.3. Retrogressive metamorphosis in Herdmania: Retrogressive changes, progressive changes. Important Questions.

Unit-2: General Topics on Subphylum - Cephalochordata......................6
2.1. General characters of Cephalochordata
2.2. Phylogeny and affinities: affinities with Annelida, affinities with Mollusca, affinities with Chordata, affinities with Hemichordata, affinities with Urochordata, affinities with Vertebrata. Conclusion. Important Questions.

Unit-3: General Topics on Class – Cyclostomata..................................11
3.1. General characters of Cyclostomata
3.2. Affinities of Cyclostomata: Primitive characters- Resemblances with Cephalochordata, Differences from fishes, affinities with Ostracoderms. Advanced (Vertebrate) characters. Specialized characters. Degenerate characters.
3.3. Phylogenetic status of Cyclostomata. Important Questions.

Unit-4: General Topics on Class–Placodermi (Extinct class) General.....17
4.1. The first jawed vertebrates and their occurrence
4.2. Important features
4.3. Classification
4.4. Biological significance. Important Questions.

Unit-5: General Topics on Super Class – Pisces.........22
5.1. Skin and scales in fishes
5.2. Fins of fishes: types of caudal fin.
5.3. Air (Swim) bladder in fishes
5.4. Accessory respiratory organs in fishes
5.5. Parental care in fishes
5.6. Migration in fishes
5.7. Economic importance of fishes: Useful fishes, harmful fishes.
5.8. Breeding of fishes. Important Questions.

Unit-6: General Topics on Class – Amphibia...............................54
6.1. Emergence of Amphibia
6.2. Terrestrialization in Amphibians
6.3. Adaptive radiation in amphibia: Aquatic adaptations, terrestrial adaptations, cave adaptations, burrowing adaptations, volant adaptations, arboreal adaptations.
6.4. Metamerism in bull frog
6.5. Neoteny and Paedogenesis
6.6. Parental care in Amphibia
6.7. Origin and ancestry of amphibia
6.8. Economic importance of amphibia. Important Questions.

Unit-7: General Topics on Class –Reptilia....................72
7.1. Origin of reptiles
7.2. Terrestrial adaptations in reptiles
7.3. Adaptive radiation and evolution in reptiles
7.4. Golden age of reptiles: Thecodont, dinosaurs, flying reptiles, marine reptiles, mammal like reptiles.
7.5. Decline of Mesozoic reptiles
7.6. Economic importance of reptiles
7.7. General account on snakes: Locomotion in snakes, hearing and feeding mechanisms in snakes, poisonous and non-poisonous snakes, poisonous apparatus and biting mechanisms in snakes, snake venom and its effects, Antivenin and first aid treatment of snake bite, superstitions about snake. Important Questions.

Unit-8: General Topics on Class –Aves...........................110
8.1. Origin of birds
8.2. Flightless birds (Ratitae)
8.3. Birds are glorified reptiles
8.4. Aerial adaptations in pigeon
8.5. Modes, origin and mechanism of flight
8.6. Migration in birds
8.7. Palate in birds
8.8. Types of beaks in birds
8.9. Types of feet in birds
8.10. Economic importance of birds. Important Questions.

Unit-9: General Topics on Class –Mammals.............146
9.1. Origin of Mammals
9.2. Dentition in mammals
9.3. Adaptive radiation in mammals
9.4. Aquatic adaptation in mammals
9.5. Flight (Volant) adaptation in mammals
9.6. Fossorial adaptation in mammals
9.7. Types of mammals: Egg laying mammals (Monotremes), Pouched (Marsupial) mammals, insect eating mammals, flying mammals, toothless mammals, anteater mammals, gnawing mammals, carnivorous mammals, cetacean mammals, primates, hoofed (Ungulate) mammals.
9.8. Economic importance of mammals. Important Questions.