Economics of Non-Chordate Zoology : Volume-IV

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Biology (Zoology) is the branch of life science that seeks to understand the all life processes going on living cell or tissues governing in the organism. This reference book aims...

Name : Economics of Non-Chordate Zoology : Volume-IV
Vendor : Prashant Publication
Type : Reference
Manufacturing : May 2026
Total Pages : 178 Pages
Barcode : 9789377769185

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Authors:

Dr. S. S. Patole

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Biology (Zoology) is the branch of life science that seeks to understand the all life processes going on living cell or tissues governing in the organism. This reference book aims to serve as a comprehensive guide for students, educators, and professionals who seek to deepen their understanding of dynamic field of invertebrate zoology. We are very glad to present this book “University Zoology for Undergraduates”. Author feels immense pleasure and great satisfaction in releasing this reference book entitled, “Volume-IV: Economics of Non-Chordate Zoology”.
In the course of revision of the book, the modern concept regarding economical importance of nonchordates has been used and the subject matter has been updated with the latest information. There are 10 chapters in this book according to major non chordate phyla. This book is written by keeping in mind the curriculum prescribed by UGC. Because of in last few years (2020), most of universities had accepted Government of India policy, (the National Educational Policy, NEP). On other hand, as per directives of University Grant Commission, universities introduced a wide spectrum of questions such as long answer questions, short answer questions, very short answer questions, objective type’s questions or multiple choice questions have also been added at the end of each chapter. In the present book, labeling of almost all the illustrations have been changed for better clarity of diagrams as well as plates of few life histories have been done. It is hope that the learned teachers and student shall find the setting of the book much more attractive and useful.

Unit-1: General topics on Phylum- Protozoa........1
1.1. Locomotion in Protozoa: Locomotory organelles in protozoa; modes of locomotion in protozoa.
1.2. Nutrition in protozoa: Holozoic, holophytic, saprophytic, parasitic, mixotrophic and Coprozoic.
1.3. Reproduction in protozoa: a) Asexual – Binary fission, multiple fission, budding, Plasmotomy; b) sexual- Syngamy, conjugation, Automixis, endomixis, hemixis; c) Regeneration; d) Parthenogenesis; e) Plasmogamy.
1.4. Protozoa and diseases: A) Protozoa and human diseases- Amoebiasis, pyorrhoea, diarrhoea, Trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, Trichomoniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, Balantidial dysentery; B) Protozoa and animal diseases.
1.5. Parasitism in protozoa: Symbiosis, Commensalism, parasitism. Effects of parasitic life on parasites; Host specificity; Effects of parasitism on the host.
1.6. Economic importance of protozoa: a) Beneficial protozoa; b) Harmful protozoa. Important Questions.

Unit-2: General topics on Phylum – Porifera...............39
2.1. Canal system in Sponges: Asconoid, Syconoid and Leuconoid types.
2.2 Skeletons in Sponges: Types and development of spicules.
2.3 Reproduction in sponges: Asexual and sexual reproduction
2.4 Economic importance of sponges: A) Beneficial sponges; B) Harmful sponges.
2.5 Sponge industry and sponge fishing. Important Questions.

Unit-3: General topics on Phylum – Coelenterata (Cnidaria)......58
3.1. Polymorphism in Coelenterates (Hydrozoa); Causes of polymorphism, types of polymorphisms; Significance of polymorphism; theories and origin of polymorphism.
3.2. Corals and coral reefs: Types of corals, organization of corals, theories of reef formation. Economic importance of coral reefs. Important Questions.

Unit-4: General topics on Phylum – Platyhelminthes............70
4.1. Regeneration in Planaria
4.2. Parasitism and parasitic adaptations in Platyhelminthes: A) Morphological adaptations, B) Physiological adaptations.
4.3. Host parasite relationship in Platyhelminthes.
4.4. Life history of Taenia solium. Important Questions.

Unit-5: General topics on Phylum – Nemathelminthes......................86
5.1. Parasitic nematodes of human and plants:
A) Nematodes and human diseases - Ascariasis, Ancylostomiasis, Enterobiasis, Trichuriasis, trichinosis, Strongyloidiasis, filariasis, Loiasis. Guinea worm disease.
B) Plant nematodes – Types of phytoparasitic nematodes, General characters of plant nematodes, examples of plants nematodes. Important Questions.

Unit-6: General topics on Phylum – Annelida.....................97
6.1. Metamerism and coelom in annelida: Types of metamerism, origin of metameric segmentation, significance of metamerism. Coelom in Annelida.
6.2. Reproduction in Annelida. Important Questions.

Unit-7: General topics on Phylum – Arthropoda..............107
7.1. Mimicry in butterfly: Protective mimicry, Bateson mimicry and Mullerian mimicry.
7.2. Bioluminescence in insects: bioluminescence in firefly, mechanisms of light production, functions of luminescence.
7.3. Mouth parts in Insects: Biting and chewing type, chewing and lapping type, piercing and sucking type, sponging types and siphoning type.
7.4. Metamorphosis in insects: Ametabolus metamorphosis, Heterometabolous metamorphosis, holometabolus metamorphosis, hemimetabolous metamorphosis, Hypermetabolous metamorphosis.
7.5. Economic importance of insects: A) Injurious or harmful insects- insects injurious to crops, insects injurious to human beings and domestic animals, disease transmitting insects, house hold insect pests. B) Beneficial insects- Commercial productive insects, helpful insects.
7.6. Insect pest management: Mechanical control, chemical control and biological control of insect pest.
7.7. Insects and diseases: Important disease producing insects- mosquitoes, flies, fleas, bugs and lice.
7.8. Larval forms in crustacea: Nauplius, metanauplius, protozoaea, zoaea, cypris, mysis, megalopa, phyllosoma and Alima larva. Importance of larval stages.
7.9. Respiration in insects: Types of tracheal systems, types of spiracles, mechanism of respiration. Important Questions.

Unit-8: General topics on Phylum – Mollusca..............151
8.1. Foot in mollusc
8.2. Economic importance of Mollusca- Beneficial and destructive mollusc
8.3. Torsion and detorsion in Gastropods
8.4. Pearl formation in Bivalve. Important Questions.

Unit-9: General topics on Phylum – Echinodermata.................164
9.1. Water vascular systems in echinodermata.
9.2. Echinoderms in general- Skeleton in echinoderms, coelom in echinoderms, relationship of echinoderms. Important Questions.

Unit-10: General topics on Phylum – Hemichordata...............173
10.1. Asexual reproduction and Regeneration.
10.2. Affinities of Balanoglossus: Affinities with Phylum- Annelida, with Phylum-Echinodermata, with Phoronida, with Pogonophora, with chordates. Conclusion. Important Questions.