Unit-1: An introduction to Phylum- Chordata..........1
Definition of chordata; Diversity of chordates; Fundamental chordate characters; Characters common to chordates and Higher Non-Chordates; Advancement of chordata over the other Phylum’s; Comparison of chordates with Non-Chordates; Origin and ancestry of chordata: Major sub-divisions of phylum-chordata; General characters of Phylum Chordata; Brief classification of chordata with characters. Important questions.
Unit-2: Sub Phylum – Urochordata..............................17
(Characters, Classification and type)
Definition; General characters and Outline classification.
Animal type – Herdmania pallida (A Sea squirt)
Systematic position; Derivation of names; Geographical distribution; Habits and habitat; External morphology; Test or tunic; Body wall; Internal organs; Coelom and atrium; Locomotion and movement; Digestive system; Respiratory system; Blood vascular system; Excretory system; Nervous system; Sense organs; Reproductive system; Development; Retrogressive metamorphosis; Significance of Ascidian tadpole larva; Affinities and systematic position of Herdmania; Important questions.
Unit-3: Sub Phylum – Cephalochordata............................53
(Characters, Classification and type)
Definition; Deviation of names; General characters; Primitive, degenerative and specialized characters of Cephalochordata; Outline classification; Affinities and systematic position of Cephalochordata (Branchiostoma).
Animal type – Branchiostoma or Amphioxus (The Lancelet)
Systematic position; Geographical distribution; Habits and habitat; External features; Body wall; Skeleton; Movement and locomotion; Coelom; Digestive system; Respiratory mechanism; Blood vascular system; Excretory system; Nervous system; Sense organs; Reproductive system; Development of Branchiostoma; Organogenesis; Metamorphosis; Important questions.
Unit-4: Sub Phylum – Vertebrata.............................96
(Characters and Classification)
Definition of vertebrates; Chordates Vs Vertebrartes; General characters of sub phylum Vertebrata; Diversity of Vertebrates; Phylogeny of vertebrates; Origin and ancestry of vertebrates; Theories of invertebrates ancestry of chordates; important questions.
Unit-5: Class – Cyclostomata.....................................113
(Characters, Classification and type)
Definition; General characters and Outline classification.
Animal type – Petromyzon marinus (The Lamprey)
Systematic position; Distribution and habitat; Habit and habitats; External features; Internal anatomy and physiology- Skin, Muscular system, Locomotion; Skeleton; Digestive system; Respiratory system; Circulatory system; Excretion in Petromyzon; Nervous system; Sense organs; Reproduction; Metamorphosis; Economic importance; Important questions.
Unit-6: Super Class – Pisces.....................................131
(Characters, Classification and types)
Definition; General characters and Outline classification.
Animal type – 1) Scoliodon sorrakowah (Dog fish)
Systematic position; Distribution; Habits and habitat; External characters; Skin and `its derivatives; Exoskeleton; Endoskeleton – Axial endoskeleton and Appendicular endoskeleton; Myotomes and Locomotion; Coelom and viscera; Digestive system; Respiratory system; Blood vascular system- Arterial system, Venous system; Nervous system; Sense organs; Urinogenital system; Reproduction; Economic importance of Scoliodon.
Animal type – 2) Labeo rohita (Rohu)
Systematic position; Distribution; Habit and habitat; External features; Body wall; Exoskeleton; Endoskeleton; Digestive system; Air bladder; Respiratory system; Blood vascular system; Nervous and sensory system; Sense organs; Urinogenital system; Economic importance of Labeo; Important questions.
Unit-7: Class – Amphibia.....................................218
(Characters, Classification and types)
Definition; General characters and Outline classification.
Animal type – Rana tigrina (Frog)
Systematic position; Habits and habitat; Locomotion; External features; V.S. of skin; Skin glands; Division of body; Sexual dimorphism; Body cavity (Coelom) and viscera; Muscular system- Trunk muscles, limb muscles; Endoskeleton- Axial and Appendicular skeleton; Digestive system; Digestive glands; Respiratory system- Organs of respiration and Respiratory mechanism; Blood vascular system- Heart, Arterial system, Venous system, Blood of frog; Lymphatic system; Nervous system; Sense organs; Urinogenital system – Excretory system, Male reproductive system, Female reproductive system; Development of frog; Metamorphosis; Important question.
Unit-8: Class – Reptilia...................................310
(Characters, Classification and types)
Definition; General characters and Outline classification.
Animal type – Calotes versicolor (Garden Lizard)
Systematic position; Habit and habitats; Distribution; External features; Exoskeleton- Scales and Claws; Endoskeleton- Axial and Appendicular skeleton; Coelom; Internal anatomy – Digestive system; Respiratory system; Blood vascular system- Heart, Arterial system, Venous system, Composition and functions of blood; Nervous system; Sense organs; Urinogenital system- Male urinogenital, Male reproductive, female excretory, Female reproductive system; Important questions.
Unit-9: Class – Aves................................359
(Characters, Classification and types)
Definition; General and distinctive characters and Outline classification.
Animal type – Columba livia (Pigeon)
Systematic position; Habits; Habitat and Distribution; Locomotion; External morphology- Shale, Size and coloration; Body divisions; Appendages; Skin; Exoskeleton- Feathers, Types of feathers, Functions of feathers; Endoskeleton- Axial and Appendicular skeleton; Muscular system – Flight muscles, Accessory muscles, Tensor muscles, Leg muscles, Perching muscles and perching mechanism; Coelom; Internal Anatomy- Digestive system- Alimentary canal and digestive glands; Respiratory system- Respiratory organs and respiratory mechanism; Blood vascular system – Heart and its external and internal structure, Arterial system, Venous system; Nervous system; Sense organs; Urinogenital system- Excretory system, Physiology of excretion, Male reproductive system, Female reproductive system; Copulation, Economic importance of Columba livia; Important questions.
Unit-10: Class – Mammalia.....................................449
(Characters, Classification and types)
Definition ; General characters, Habit, Habitat and Distribution of mammal, and Outline classification.
Animal type – Rattus rattus (Rat)
Systematic position; External characters; Exoskeleton – The skin, V. S. of skin, epidermal derivatives, Functions of skin, Coelom and viscera; Endoskeleton – Axial and Appendicular skeletons; Digestive system- Alimentary canal and digestive glands; Physiology of nutrition; Blood vascular system- Blood, types of blood corpuscles, functions of blood, Arterial system, venous system, heart- external and internal structure; Double circulation; Lymphatic system; Respiratory system; Physiology of respiration; Nervous system; Sense organs; Endocrine system; The excretory system; Reproductive system- Sex and dimorphism; Male reproductive system, Female reproductive system; Oestrous cycle; Copulation and Development; Important questions.