BOT 243 (MN) – SEED TECHNOLOGY
1. Introduction to Seed………………………………………………………………………. 9
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Definition, structure and importance
1.3 Difference between seed and grain
1.4 Types of seed based ona)
Structure (Monocot and Dicot) and
b) Life Span (Recalcitrant and Orthodox).
1.5 Characters of good quality seed
1.6 Exercise
2. Seed Technology…………………………………………………………………………… 20
2.1 Introduction and definition
2.2 History of seed technology in India
2.3 Scope and importance of seed technology
2.4 Major seed industries in Maharashtra
2.5 Government Organizations and Seed Agencies in India –
2.6 Exercise
3. Release of new Variety.………………………………………………………………… 26
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Evaluation-1. Station trials, 2. Multi-location trials 3. Disease and insect pest
4. Quality test
3.3 Identification of entries for release
3.4 Release of a variety
3.5 Exercise
4. Seed Production…………………………………………………………………………… 29
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Seed pre-sowing steps
4.3 Methods of seed sowing
4.4 Cultivation practices
4.5 Exercise
5. Seed Testing and Certification………………………………………………………. 34
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Definition and importance of seed testing
5.3 Methods of seed testing
5.4 Reporting the results
5.5 Storage of guard samples.
5.6 Seed Certification
5.7 Exercise6. Seed Processing and Storage………………………………………………………… 48
6.1 Introduction, Definition and Concept
6.2 Various steps in seed processing
6.3 Methods of seed treatment: Disinfection and disinfestation
6.4 Seed treating equipment’s
6.5 Seed Storage
6.6 Exercise
7. Seed Pathology and Entomology…………………………………………………… 59
7.1 Introduction and Definition
7.2. Difference between seed borne and storage fungi with example
7.3 Insects as vectors of plant diseases
7.4 Exercise
8. Seed Marketing……………………………………………………………………………. 64
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Major components of seed marketing
8.3 Role of different organizations in seed marketing
8.4 Exercise

BOT-246 (MNP)-PRACTICAL BASED ON BOT-243-MN
1. To study monocot seed structure (Wheat and Maize)……………………………………….. 71
2. To study dicot seed structure (Chickpea and Cotton/Sunflower…………………………. 74
3. To study different types of seed germination- Epigeal, Hypogeal & Viviparous…….. 76
4. To study different methods for testing percent seed germination-Soil,
Sand and Paper……………………………………………………………………………………………. 79
5. To study technique of physical purity analysis of seeds……………………………………. 81
6. To Analyze Moisture Percentage in Seeds Using Suitable Techniques
(Hot Air Oven /Digital Moisture Meter /Universal Moisture Meter)…………………… 84
7. To analyze seed vigor using physical method-Seed Size, Seed Density
and Seed Soundness……………………………………………………………………………………… 87
8. To study different methods of seed sowing with suitable examples……………………. 90
9. To understand seed tags- breeder, foundation, certified and truthful lables………….. 92
10. To know different storage containers and packing material for seeds…………………. 94
11. To study any two store grain pest with suitable examples…………………………………. 96
12. To study visual examination of dry seeds for diseases symptoms………………………. 98
13. Demonstration of various irrigation methods – Flood, Drip, Sprinkler,
micro-sprinklers, Rain gun, Subsurface………………………………………………………… 100
14. Visit to a Seed Industry or Research Centre or Seed Processing Plant………………. 103