BOT-304-MJ-T : Cell and Molecular Biology
1. Introduction to Cell Biology.............................................9
1.1 Introduction and definition
1.2 History of Cell Biology
1.3 Units of measurement for cell,
1.4 Prokaryotic cell
1.5 Eukaryotic cell
1.6 Interdisciplinary nature of Cell Biology
1.7 Exercise
2 Cell Structure............................................................21
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Cell Wall
2.3 Plasma Membrane
2.4 Cytoplasmic Matrix
2.5 Exercise
3 Cell Organelles............................................................30
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Mitochondria
3.3 Chloroplast
3.4 Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
3.5 Golgi Apparatus
3.6 Lysosomes
3.7 Vacuoles
3.8 Peroxisomes
3.9 Glyoxysomes
3.10 Exercise
4. Nucleus........................................................................53 4.1 Introduction
4.2 Morphology and ultrastructure of Nucleus
4.3 Morphology and ultrastructure of Nucleolus
4.4 Morphology and ultrastructure of Nucleolar organizer
4.5 Nuclear envelope - structure of nuclear pore complex
4.6 Transport of molecules across nuclear envelope
4.7 Exercisee
5 Chromosomes...............................................................65
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Euchromatin and Heterochromatin
5.3 Histones, Packing of DNA into chromosomes in Eukaryotes
5.4 Karyotype and Ideogram
5.5 Giant Chromosome: Polytene chromosomes and Lamp brush
chromosomes
5.6 Exercise.
6. Genetic Material...........................................................77
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Historical perspective from 1953 to 2020
6.3 Griffiths and Avery’s transformation experiments
6.4 Hershey-Chase bacteriophage experiment
6.5 Exercise
7. DNA Replication - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes............84
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Molecular mechanism of DNA replication
7.3 Enzymes involved in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
DNA replication
7.4 Enzymes inhibitors (antibiotics)
7.5 Exercise
8. Transcription - .............................................................93
Prokaryotes in details and passing remarks on Eukaryotes
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
8.3 Types of promoters
8.4 Types of RNA polymerase enzymes in eukaryotes
8.5 Molecular mechanism of transcription
8.6 Exercise
9. Translation (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes)................108
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Concept and properties of genetic code
9.3 Molecular mechanism of translation
9.4 Exercise
10. Regulation of Gene Expression..................................117
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Concept of Operon
10.3 Lac operon
10.4 Trp operon
10.5 Positive and negative control
10.6 One gene one enzyme hypothesis
10.7 Exercise
BOT-306 MJP : Practicals Based on BOT-304-MJ-T
Practical No. 1.................................................................129
Study of Plant Cell Structure in Different Plant Tissues, Calibration of Ocular Micrometer and Measurement of Cell Dimensions.
Practical No. 2.................................................................134
Study of Mitosis by Onion Root Tip Squash Method
Practical No. 3..................................................................139
Study of Meiosis in Onion, Tradescantia or Rhoeo Flower Buds
Practical No. 4.................................................................144
Preparation of Cytological Fixatives and Stains and Demonstration of Cell Organelle Ultrastructure
Practical No. 5.................................................................154
Isolation of Plant Genomic DNA and Estimation of DNA by Diphenylamine (DPA) Method
Practical No.6...................................................................158
Demonstrations Based on Molecular Biology and Chromosome Structure-
A. The Semi-conservative mode of DNA replication through 3Dmodels or charts
B. The process of Transcription through 3D models or charts
C. The Role of Taq Polymerase, Primers, and Thermal Cyclers in PCR
D. Polytene and Lampbrush chromosomes from permanent slides or micrographs
